Roller, Bill. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy; New York Том 58, Изд. 3, (Jul 2008): 431-434.
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A Quiet Rage, The Stanford Prison Experiment. Produced by Philip Zimbardo, www.zimbardo.com. 50 min. $100.
Philip Zimbardo, Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Stanford University, recendy published The Lucifer Effect, an account of the prison experiment that he conducted in 1971 and is the subject of this DVD. Professor Zimbardo is one of those extraordinary social scientists who have demonstrated a rather starding phenomenon in human relations. How that phenomenon is interpreted is central to our understanding of the way that groups can influence and shape individual behavior. In diis video, the group under investigation is a prison milieu, divided into two subgroups: prisoners and guards. The starding discovery is the ease with which ordinary individuals can become persecutors and predators of their own peers. All that is necessary is a group structure that permits and encourages the scapegoating and dehumanization of one subgroup by another.
The exposure of torture and abuse at United States prisons in Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib has given rise to a renewed interest in the earlier experiments of obedience conducted by Stanley Milgram (1975) and Arthur G. Miller (1986). While these earlier studies are not referenced in Zimbardo's video, they provide an important context for understanding the outcome of his prison experiment. Milgram and Miller's studies have been replicated many times, and they demonstrate that inhibitions that prevent people from causing physical and psychological pain in fellow human beings can readily disappear under certain social conditions. Zimbardo's video seems to corroborate this conclusion.
In Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment, 24 male college students were randomly assigned the role of either prisoner or guard. Police arrested the "prisoners" and brought them in handcuffs to the detention center in the psychology building of the Stanford campus, converted to closely resemble an actual prison milieu. Guards wore uniforms of authority and were given the power to manipulate the lives and living conditions of their prisoners, who were referred to by numbers, not names. Zimbardo narrates the video and says at one point, "Imprisonment is about power, dominance, and mastery." On the second day of the experiment, the prisoners rebelled against the guards' demands. The guards put down the rebellion by punishing and isolating its leader. They inflicted communal punishment on the other prisoners, manipulating them.
